The Tboli people (IPA: ['tʔbɔli]) are an Austronesian indigenous people of South Cotabato in southern Mindanao in the Philippines.
Ethnology
Tbolis currently reside on the mountain slopes on either side of the upper Alah Valley and the coastal area of Maitum, Maasim and Kiamba in the province of Sarangani. In former times, the Tbolis also resided in the upper floor of the Alah Valley. After World War II and the arrival of settlers from other parts of the Philippines, they have been gradually pushed to the mountain slopes, and have been almost expelled from the fertile valley floor.
Like their immediate neighbouring ethnic groups, the Úbûs, Blàan, Blit, Tàú-Segél, and the Tasaday, they have historically been described as pagans or animists, as opposed to Muslim peoples or Christian settlers. In political contexts, however, the Cebuano term "Lumad" ("native") has become an umbrella term for the various polytheistic peoples of Mindanao.
In ethnographic and linguistic literature on Mindanao, their name is variously spelt Tboli, T'boli, Tböli, Tagabili, Tagabilil, Tagabulul and Tau Bilil. Their endonym is Tboli. In the literature, their whereabouts and identity are somewhat imprecise: some publications present the Tboli and the Tagabili as distinct peoples, whereas some locate the Tbolis in the vicinity of Lake Buluan in the Cotabato Basin or in Agusan del Norte.
Tbolis speak their native language of the same name. However, over the decades, Tbolis can speak and understand Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Tagalog and to some extent, Ilocano, alongside their own native language. These languages were brought and introduced by these settlers from Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor, Negros, Panay, Tagalog-speaking regions, Central Luzon and Ilocandia, upon their arrival into Tboli homelands during the early 20th century.
They are considered to be an indigenous people in Philippine law.
Music
The Tboli have a musical heritage consisting of various types of agung ensembles, which are composed of large hanging, suspended or held, bossed/knobbed gongs that act as drone without any accompanying melodic instrument.
Other instruments include the hegelung.
Tboli religion
The Tboli have a tradition of a highly complex polytheistic religion. However, more recent variants of their religion have been influenced by Islam and Christianity. Nevertheless, some continue to preserve religious practices from traditions thousands of years old, while others have involved with syncretic beliefs combining their traditional religious elements with Christianity or Islam.
Immortals
References
External links
- Media related to T'boli people at Wikimedia Commons
- Photographic and written account of a week spent with the Tboli of Lake Sebu by a traveler
- T'boli elder and child
- Preserving Culture: the T'boli tribe of Mindanao, Philippines by Alan Geoghegan & Ursula Schloer
